The warm sunshine of spring is a welcome change from the cold and brutal winds of winter in the Upper Midwest. However, with more time outside comes greater exposure to sunlight – a top risk factor for skin cancer.

Skin cancer is the most common cancer among Americans with 5.4 million cases diagnosed annually, according to the American Cancer Society. In fact, an estimated one in five Americans will have skin cancer at some point during their lifetime.

Basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma, or non-melanoma skin cancer, accounts for the majority of cases, with 4.3 million annually. Melanoma, a potentially deadly form of skin cancer, accounts for 97,000 cases per year.

Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight is the primary cause of most skin cancers. Ag producers are in a high risk category due to spending several hours a day, often seven days a week, under direct sunlight.

Other risk factors include:

• Many or atypical moles: Most moles don’t become malignant. However having many moles or a large or atypical mole might put you at a higher risk.

• Fair complexion: Defined as having red or blonde hair, blue or green eyes and skin that easily freckles or sunburns.

• Family history: Melanoma runs in families but only 10% of all people with melanoma have a family history.

• Age: About one-half of all melanomas occur in people older than age 50.

• Immune suppression: Some disease and drugs weaken the immune system, increasing risk for skin cancer.

Skin cancer looks different depending on the type of cancer. Generally, our physicians counsel patients to be aware of any spots or areas on the skin that are bleeding, changing or not healing on their own.

Basal and squamous cell skin cancers are most often found in areas frequently exposed to the sun, such as the head, neck and arms, but they also can occur elsewhere. These may be a scaly red patch, small raised bump, or shiny or pearly bump. Fine blood vessels may appear, and crusting or bleeding may occur.

Melanomas are usually brown or black, but can appear pink, tan or even white. They are often an uneven shape with irregular borders. Increasing size or diameter is a warning sign.

Prevention is always the best cure. People who work outdoors don’t have the option to avoid sunlight. But they can protect themselves with clothing: a lightweight long-sleeved shirt, wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses. Another protective measure is using sunscreen with broad-spectrum protection that’s water resistant and has a SPF of 30 or higher.

The earlier that a skin cancer is identified and treated, the better. So report any suspicious spots to your primary care provider, and consider an annual skin exam. If you’re due for your yearly checkup, please schedule today.

— Debbie Streier is regional president/CEO at Avera Marshall Regional Medical Center